typora/note/Shell/sed.md

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2024-12-11 21:48:55 -05:00
### 概念
- stream editor的缩写
- 流编辑器,用来处理文件
- 一行一行读取文件,按照要求进行处理,并把结果输出到屏幕
- 对缓冲区中副本进行编辑,不会修改源文件
### 运行模式
- 命令行模式
- 脚本模式
### 命令行格式
- sed options ‘处理动作’ 文件名
![294a6fb86ea2c755baf11d4517227967.png](../../_resources/294a6fb86ea2c755baf11d4517227967.png)
- 常见处理动作
![21f9477ffd1ea12c46e439205e44a117.png](../../_resources/21f9477ffd1ea12c46e439205e44a117.png)
### 举例
- 打印文件 `sed '' passwd`
- 打印文件第2行
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '2p' passwd
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 打印文件 1-4 行
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '1,4p' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 打印文件文件最后一行
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '$p' passwd
gitlab-runner:x:1001:1001:GitLab Runner:/home/gitlab-runner:/bin/bash
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 文件第二行前插入内容
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '2ihello world' passwd
hello world
```
- 文件第三行后插入内容
```
sed -n '3ahello world' paswd
```
- 支持换行插入内容
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '3ihello\
world\
999\
flal' file1 # 命令到这结束后 enter
lfla
fla
hello
world
999
flal
flavnanv
rpprp
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 多行之间插入,在第二行和第三行和第四行前边插入内容
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo $ sed '2,4ihello' file1
lfla
hello
fla
hello
flavnanv
hello
rpprp
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 替换整行内容,替换第五行内容
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file1
lfla
fla
flavnanv
rpprp
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '5cheloworld' file1
lfla
fla
flavnanv
rpprp
heloworld
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 替换文件所有内容 sed 'hello world' file1
- 替换多行内容,替换 1-5 行的内容为 hello world
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file1
lfla
fla
flavnanv
rpprp
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '2,4cheloworld' file1
lfla
heloworld
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- fla 开头的行替换成 haha
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file1
lfla
fla
flavnanv
rpprp
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '/^fla/chaha' file1
lfla
haha
haha
rpprp
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 删除第四行 `sed '4d' file1`
- 删除 1 到 4 行 `sed '1,4d' file1`
### 其他命令
![2d661ab455541517d45e666109787aab.png](../../_resources/2d661ab455541517d45e666109787aab.png)
- 读取其他文件的内容到指定位置,读取/etc/hosts 文件的内容,放到 第一行下边
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '1r /etc/hosts' file1
lfla
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 me-EQ59
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
fla
flavnanv
rpprp
/usr/local
/user/local/bin
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 保存当前文件的多行到当前目下某一个文件内
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file1
lfla
fla
flavnanv
rpprp
/usr/local
/user/local/bin
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '2,4w another.txt' file1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ls
another.txt EOF file1 hello_grep.txt ip.txt passwd passwd.bak scripts test1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat another.txt
fla
flavnanv
rpprp
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 保留匹配串fla开头的行前边加注释
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file
lfla
fla
flavnanv
rpprp
/usr/local
/user/local/bin
dbdfblbjaljl;ka
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n 's/^fla/#&/gp' file
#fla
#flavnanv
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```
- 多次编辑,打印包含 root 的行,以及行号
```
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -ne '/root/p;/root/=' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
1
nm-openvpn:x:121:127:NetworkManager OpenVPN,,,:/var/lib/openvpn/chroot:/usr/sbin/nologin
40
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
```