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typora/note/Shell/条件判断语法.md
sunqi19 0272dd2d6c first commit
2024-12-12 10:48:55 +08:00

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使用方式分类

  • 0 真 1 假
  • test 条件表达式
  • [ 条件表达式 ]，括号两边都有空格
  • 条件表达式 支持正则，括号两边都有空格

test 条件表达式

me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ls
passwd  scripts
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ test -e passwd
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ test -e passwds
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

[ 条件表达式 ]

me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ls
passwd  scripts
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ -d scripts ]; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ -d script_dir ]; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ls -l
总计 8
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3311  6月 22 14:30 passwd
drwxrwxr-x 3 me   me   4096  6月 22 16:20 scripts
lrwxrwxrwx 1 me   me      6  6月 23 14:24 test1 -> passwd
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ -L test1 ]; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ mv passwd passwd.bak
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ls -l
总计 8
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3311  6月 22 14:30 passwd.bak
drwxrwxr-x 3 me   me   4096  6月 22 16:20 scripts
lrwxrwxrwx 1 me   me      6  6月 23 14:24 test1 -> passwd
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ -L test1 ]; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

条件表达式 

me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ls
passwd.bak  scripts  test1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [[ -f passwd.bak ]]; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [[ -f test ]]; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

取反判断

  • 表达式前添加 ! 
# 判断不存在 test 文件时为真
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [[ ! -f test ]]; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

文件判断参数

fa951c7b58b47ebd846fc00df0ecc70d.png

判断文件权限

e46d8cc96a6a687642c396363f226422.png

me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ test -r /etc/passwd; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ test -w /etc/passwd; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

判断文件新旧 && 相等

105d782b5f5fb4eb79e7fe7583585a65.png

  • 文件新旧判断
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ls -l
总计 12
-rwxrwxr-x 1 me   me   3311  6月 23 14:39 passwd
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3311  6月 22 14:30 passwd.bak
drwxrwxr-x 3 me   me   4096  6月 22 16:20 scripts
lrwxrwxrwx 1 me   me      6  6月 23 14:24 test1 -> passwd
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ test passwd -nt passwd.bak; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ test passwd -ot passwd.bak; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
  • 文件是否为同一个文件
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ touch file1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ touch file2
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ test file1 -ef file2; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ file1 -ef file2 ]; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

判断数字

c01a0eb6107168c67d46719fee3904d9.png

判断字符串

b0338a4f367376224e8339ba29bec865.png

多重条件判断

  • -a 或 && 逻辑与
  • -o 或 || 逻辑或
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ 1 -eq 1 -a 2 -lt 3 ]; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ 1 -eq 1 -a 2 -gt 3 ]; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ 1 -eq 1 ] && [ 2 -lt 3 ]; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ 1 -eq 1 ] || [ 2 -gt 3 ]; echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
  • && 前边为真，后边才会执行
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ id -u
1000
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ $(id -u) -eq 0 ] && echo "admin"
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ ! $(id -u) -eq 0 ] && echo "not admin"
not admin
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
  • || 前边为假，后边才会执行
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ id -u
1000
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ $(id -u) -eq 0 ] || echo "not admin"
not admin
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
  • 逻辑运算符没有优先级
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ $(id -u) -eq 0 ] &&  echo "admin" || echo "not admin"
not admin
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ 1 -eq 2 ] && ehco AAA || echo BBB && echo CCC
BBB
CCC
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

数值比较类 C 风格

  • = 表示赋值
  • == 表示判断相等
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ((1==2)); echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ((1<=2)); echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ((1!=2)); echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ((`id -u` == 0)); echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ((`id -u`==0)); echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

字符串判断

  • = 和 == 都表示判断
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ str1="hello world";str2="world"
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ str1 = str2 ];echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ $str1 = $str2 ];echo $?
-bash: [: 参数太多
2
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ "$str1" = "$str2" ];echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ "$str1" == "$str2" ];echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ "$str1" != "$str2" ];echo $?
0
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$

[] 与 区别

  • 判断是空字符串时[] 报错 [[]]不报错
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ A=
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ echo $A

me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ $A = "hello" ]
-bash: [: =: 需要一元运算符
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [[ $A = "hello" ]]
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [[ $A = "hello" ]]; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
  • 逻辑运算符 && || 不拆开写的时候需要
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ 1 -eq 1 -a 1 -gt 2 ]; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ 1 -eq 1 && 1 -gt 2 ]; echo $?
-bash: [: 缺少 "]"
2
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [[ 1 -eq 1 && 1 -gt 2 ]]; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [[ 1 -lt 1 || 1 -gt 2 ]]; echo $?
1
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ [ 1 -lt 1 || 1 -gt 2 ]; echo $?
-bash: [: 缺少 "]"
1：未找到命令
127
me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$