212 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
212 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
### 概念
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- stream editor的缩写
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- 流编辑器，用来处理文件
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- 一行一行读取文件，按照要求进行处理，并把结果输出到屏幕
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- 对缓冲区中副本进行编辑，不会修改源文件
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### 运行模式
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- 命令行模式
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- 脚本模式
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### 命令行格式
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- sed options ‘处理动作’ 文件名
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- 常见处理动作
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### 举例
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- 打印文件 `sed '' passwd`
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- 打印文件第2行
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '2p' passwd
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daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 打印文件 1-4 行
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '1,4p' passwd
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
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bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
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sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 打印文件文件最后一行
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '$p' passwd
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gitlab-runner:x:1001:1001:GitLab Runner:/home/gitlab-runner:/bin/bash
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 文件第二行前插入内容
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '2ihello world' passwd
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hello world
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```
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- 文件第三行后插入内容
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```
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sed -n '3ahello world' paswd
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```
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- 支持换行插入内容
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '3ihello\
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world\
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999\
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flal' file1 # 命令到这结束后 enter
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lfla
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fla
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hello
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world
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999
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flal
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flavnanv
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rpprp
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 多行之间插入，在第二行和第三行和第四行前边插入内容
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo $ sed '2,4ihello' file1
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lfla
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hello
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fla
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hello
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flavnanv
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hello
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rpprp
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 替换整行内容，替换第五行内容
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file1
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lfla
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fla
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flavnanv
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rpprp
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '5cheloworld' file1
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lfla
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fla
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flavnanv
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rpprp
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heloworld
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 替换文件所有内容 sed 'hello world' file1
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- 替换多行内容，替换 1-5 行的内容为 hello world
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file1
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lfla
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fla
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flavnanv
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rpprp
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '2,4cheloworld' file1
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lfla
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heloworld
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- fla 开头的行替换成 haha
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file1
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lfla
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fla
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flavnanv
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rpprp
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '/^fla/chaha' file1
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lfla
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haha
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haha
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rpprp
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 删除第四行 `sed '4d' file1`
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- 删除 1 到 4 行 `sed '1,4d' file1`
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### 其他命令
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- 读取其他文件的内容到指定位置，读取/etc/hosts 文件的内容，放到 第一行下边
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed '1r /etc/hosts' file1
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lfla
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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127.0.1.1 me-EQ59
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# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
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::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
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fe00::0 ip6-localnet
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ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
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ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
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ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
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fla
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flavnanv
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rpprp
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/usr/local
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/user/local/bin
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 保存当前文件的多行到当前目下某一个文件内
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file1
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lfla
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fla
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flavnanv
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rpprp
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/usr/local
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/user/local/bin
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n '2,4w another.txt' file1
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ ls
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another.txt EOF file1 hello_grep.txt ip.txt passwd passwd.bak scripts test1
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat another.txt
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fla
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flavnanv
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rpprp
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 保留匹配串，fla开头的行前边加注释
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ cat file
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lfla
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fla
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flavnanv
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rpprp
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/usr/local
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/user/local/bin
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dbdfblbjaljl;ka
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -n 's/^fla/#&/gp' file
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#fla
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#flavnanv
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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```
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- 多次编辑，打印包含 root 的行，以及行号
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```
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$ sed -ne '/root/p;/root/=' passwd
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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1
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nm-openvpn:x:121:127:NetworkManager OpenVPN,,,:/var/lib/openvpn/chroot:/usr/sbin/nologin
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40
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me@me-EQ59:~/shell_demo$
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``` |